Pass Exam With Full Sureness - JN0-664 Dumps with 72 Questions
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The JN0-664 exam is a professional-level exam and is ideal for individuals who have previous experience in networking and are looking to further their knowledge and skills in service provider networking. JN0-664 exam covers a wide range of topics, including routing protocols, MPLS, QoS, multicast, and more.
Juniper JN0-664 (Service Provider, Professional (JNCIP-SP)) certification exam is an ideal choice for professionals who are looking to validate their advanced-level knowledge and skills in the field of Juniper service provider networking technologies. By passing this certification exam, candidates can demonstrate to potential employers that they have the expertise and experience needed to configure, troubleshoot and maintain Juniper Networks service provider routers, switches, and protocols.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, what do the brackets [ ] in the AS path identify?
- A. They identify the local AS number associated with the AS path if configured on the router, or if AS path prepending is configured
- B. They identify an AS set, which are groups of AS numbers in which the order does not matter
- C. They identify that the autonomous system number is incomplete and awaiting more information from the BGP protocol.
- D. They identify that a BGP confederation is being used to ensure that there are no routing loops.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The brackets [ ] in the AS path identify an AS set, which are groups of AS numbers in which the order does not matter. An AS set is used when BGP aggregates routes from different ASs into a single prefix. For example, if BGP aggregates routes 10.0.0.0/16 and 10.1.0.0/16 from AS 100 and AS 200, respectively, into a single prefix 10.0.0.0/15, then the AS path for this prefix will be [100 200]. An AS set reduces the length of the AS path and prevents routing loops.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Exhibit
CE-1 and CE-2 are part of a VPLS called Customer1 No connectivity exists between CE-1 and CE-2. In the process of troubleshooting, you notice PE-1 is not learning any routes for this VPLS from PE-2, and PE-2 is not learning any routes for this VPLS from PE-1.
- A. The route target must match on PE-1 and PE-2.
- B. The route distinguisher must match on PE-1 and PE-2.
- C. The instance type should be changed to I2vpn.
- D. The no-tunnel-services statement should be deleted on both PEs.
Answer: A
Explanation:
VPLS is a technology that provides Layer 2 VPN services over an MPLS network. VPLS uses BGP as its control protocol to exchange VPN membership information between PE routers. The route target is a BGP extended community attribute that identifies which VPN a route belongs to. The route target must match on PE routers that participate in the same VPLS instance, otherwise they will not accept or advertise routes for that VPLS.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Exhibit
You want to use both links between R1 and R2 Because of the bandwidth difference between the two links, you must ensure that the links are used as much as possible.
Which action will accomplish this goal?
- A. Disable multipath.
- B. Enable per-prefix load balancing.
- C. Define a policy to tag routes with the appropriate bandwidth community.
- D. Ensure that the metric-out parameter on the Gigabit Ethernet interface is higher than the 10 Gigibit Ethernet interface.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
VPLS is a Layer 2 VPN technology that allows multiple sites to connect over a shared IP/MPLS network as if they were on the same LAN. VPLS tunnels can be signaled using either Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) or Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). In this question, we have two links between R1 and R2 with different bandwidths (10 Gbps and 1 Gbps). We want to use both links as much as possible for VPLS traffic. To achieve this, we need to enable per-prefix load balancing on both routers. Per-prefix load balancing is a feature that allows a router to distribute traffic across multiple equal-cost or unequal-cost paths based on the destination prefix of each packet. This improves the utilization of multiple links and provides better load sharing than per-flow load balancing, which distributes traffic based on a hash of source and destination addresses4. Per-prefix load balancing can be enabled globally or per interface using the load-balance per-packet command.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Exhibit
Click the Exhibit button-Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are correct about BGP routes on R3 that are learned from the ISP-A neighbor? (Choose two.)
- A. The next-hop value for these routes is changed by ISP-A before being sent to R3.
- B. The BGP local-preference value that is used by ISP-A is not advertised to R3.
- C. By default, the next-hop value for these routes is not changed by ISP-A before being sent to R3.
- D. All BGP attribute values must be removed before receiving the routes.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
BGP is an exterior gateway protocol that uses path vector routing to exchange routing information among autonomous systems. BGP uses various attributes to select the best path to each destination and to propagate routing policies. Some of the common BGP attributes are AS path, next hop, local preference, MED, origin, weight, and community. BGP attributes can be classified into four categories: well-known mandatory, well-known discretionary, optional transitive, and optional nontransitive. Well-known mandatory attributes are attributes that must be present in every BGP update message and must be recognized by every BGP speaker.
Well-known discretionary attributes are attributes that may or may not be present in a BGP update message but must be recognized by every BGP speaker. Optional transitive attributes are attributes that may or may not be present in a BGP update message and may or may not be recognized by a BGP speaker. If an optional transitive attribute is not recognized by a BGP speaker, it is passed along to the next BGP speaker. Optional nontransitive attributes are attributes that may or may not be present in a BGP update message and may or may not be recognized by a BGP speaker. If an optional nontransitive attribute is not recognized by a BGP speaker, it is not passed along to the next BGP speaker. In this question, we have four routers (R1, R2, R3, and R4) that are connected in a full mesh topology and running IBGP. R3 receives the 192.168.0.0/16 route from its EBGP neighbor and advertises it to R1 and R4 with different BGP attribute values. We are asked which statements are correct about the BGP routes on R3 that are learned from the ISP-A neighbor. Based on the information given, we can infer that the correct statements are:
* By default, the next-hop value for these routes is not changed by ISP-A before being sent to R3. This is because the default behavior of EBGP is to preserve the next-hop attribute of the routes received from another EBGP neighbor. The next-hop attribute indicates the IP address of the router that should be used as the next hop to reach the destination network.
* The BGP local-preference value that is used by ISP-A is not advertised to R3. This is because the local-preference attribute is a well-known discretionary attribute that is used to influence the outbound traffic from an autonomous system. The local-preference attribute is only propagated within an autonomous system and is not advertised to external neighbors.
References: : https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13753-25.html :
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13762-40.html :
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13759-37.html
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which three mechanisms are used by Junos platforms to evaluate incoming traffic for CoS purposes? (Choose three )
- A. fixed classifiers
- B. traffic shapers
- C. behavior aggregate classifiers
- D. multifield classifiers
- E. rewrite rules
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Junos platforms use different mechanisms to evaluate incoming traffic for CoS purposes, such as:
* Behavior aggregate classifiers: These classifiers use a single field in a packet header to classify traffic into different forwarding classes and loss priorities based on predefined or user-defined values.
* Fixed classifiers: These classifiers use a fixed field in a packet header to classify traffic into different forwarding classes and loss priorities based on predefined values.
* Multifield classifiers: These classifiers use multiple fields in a packet header to classify traffic into different forwarding classes and loss priorities based on user-defined values and filters.
Rewrite rules and traffic shapers are not used to evaluate incoming traffic for CoS purposes, but rather to modify or shape outgoing traffic based on CoS policies.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, which statement is true?
- A. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will only be shared if BGP is configured in the routing instance
- B. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the vrf-table-label parameter is configured.
- C. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the auto-export parameter is configured
- D. The 10.101.1 0/24 route will be shared if there are other VRFs that use the same route target community
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The auto-export parameter is a routing option that allows a routing instance to share routes with other routing instances or the master routing table. The auto-export parameter automatically exports routes from one routing instance to another based on the route target communities attached to the routes. In this scenario, the
10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the auto-export parameter is configured under [edit routing-options] hierarchy level.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, PIM-SM is configured on all routers, and Anycast-RP with Anycast-PIM is used for the discovery mechanism on RP1 and RP2. The interface metric values are shown for the OSPF area.
In this scenario, which two statements are correct about which RP is used? (Choose two.)
- A. Source2 will use RP2 and Received will use RP2 for group 224.2.2.2.
- B. Source1 will use RP1 and Receiver1 will use RP2 for group 224.1 1 1
- C. Source2 will use RP1 and Receiver2 will use RP1 for group 224.2.2.2.
- D. Source1 will use RP1 and Receiver1 will use RP1 for group 224.1.1.1.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
A sham link is a logical link between two PE routers that belong to the same OSPF area but are connected through an L3VPN. A sham link makes the PE routers appear as if they are directly connected, and prevents OSPF from preferring an intra-area back door link over the VPN backbone. A sham link creates an OSPF multihop neighborship between the PE routers using TCP port 646. The PEs exchange Type 1 OSPF LSAs instead of Type 3 OSPF LSAs for the L3VPN routes, which allows OSPF to use the correct metric for route selection1.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Exhibit
You must ensure that the VPN backbone is preferred over the back door intra-area link as long as the VPN is available. Referring to the exhibit, which action will accomplish this task?
- A. Create an OSPF sham link between the PE routers.
- B. Configure the OSPF metric on the backup intra-area link that is higher than the L3VPN link.
- C. Enable OSPF traffic-engineering.
- D. Configure an import routing policy on the CE routers that rejects OSPF routes learned on the backup intra-area link.
Answer: A
Explanation:
A sham link is a logical link between two PE routers that belong to the same OSPF area but are connected through an L3VPN. A sham link makes the PE routers appear as if they are directly connected, and prevents OSPF from preferring an intra-area back door link over the VPN backbone. To create a sham link, you need to configure the local and remote addresses of the PE routers under the [edit protocols ospf area area-id] hierarchy level1.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, which statement is correct?
- A. The vrf-target configuration will allow routes to be shared between CE-1 and CE-2.
- B. The vrf-target configuration will stop routes from being shared between CE-1 and CE-2.
- C. The route-distinguisher configuration will allow overlapping routes to be shared between CE-1 and CE-2.
- D. The route-diatinguisher configuration will stop routes from being shared between CE-1 and CE-2.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The route distinguisher (RD) is a BGP attribute that is used to create unique VPN IPv4 prefixes for each VPN in an MPLS network. The RD is a 64-bit value that consists of two parts: an administrator field and an assigned number field. The administrator field can be an AS number or an IP address, and the assigned number field can be any arbitrary value chosen by the administrator. The RD is prepended to the IPv4 prefix to create a VPN IPv4 prefix that can be advertised across the MPLS network without causing any overlap or conflict with other VPNs. In this question, we have two PE routers (PE-1 and PE-2) that are connected to two CE devices (CE-1 and CE-2) respectively. PE-1 and PE-2 are configured with VRFs named Customer-A and Customer-B respectively.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which origin code is preferred by BGP?
- A. External
- B. Internal
- C. Null
- D. Incomplete
Answer: D
Explanation:
BGP uses several attributes to select the best path for a destination prefix. One of these attributes is origin, which indicates how BGP learned about a route. The origin attribute can have one of three values: IGP, EGP, or Incomplete. IGP means that the route was originated by a network or aggregate statement within BGP or by redistribution from an IGP into BGP. EGP means that the route was learned from an external BGP peer (this value is obsolete since BGP version 4). Incomplete means that the route was learned by some other means, such as redistribution from a static route into BGP. BGP prefers routes with lower origin values, so Incomplete is preferred over EGP, which is preferred over IGP.
NEW QUESTION # 32
What is the correct order of packet flow through configurable components in the Junos OS CoS features?
- A. Behavior Aggregate Classifier -> Input Policer -> Multifield Classifier -> Forwarding Policy Options -> Fabric Scheduler -> Output Policer -> Scheduler/Shaper/RED -> Rewrite Marker
- B. Behavior Aggregate Classifier -> Multifield Classifier -> Input Policer -> Forwarding Policy Options -> Fabric Scheduler -> Scheduler/Shaper/RED -> Output Policer -> Rewrite Marker
- C. Behavior Aggregate Classifier -> Multifield Classifier -> Input Policer -> Forwarding Policy Options -> Fabric Scheduler -> Output Policer -> Scheduler/Shaper/RED -> Rewrite Marker
- D. Multifield Classifier -> Behavior Aggregate Classifier -> Input Policer -> Forwarding Policy Options -> Fabric Scheduler -> Output Policer -> Rewrite Marker -> Scheduler/Shaper/RED
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct order of packet flow through configurable components in the Junos OS CoS features is as follows:
* Behavior Aggregate Classifier: This component uses a single field in a packet header to classify traffic into different forwarding classes and loss priorities based on predefined or user-defined values.
* Input Policer: This component applies rate-limiting and marking actions to incoming traffic based on the forwarding class and loss priority assigned by the classifier.
* Multifield Classifier: This component uses multiple fields in a packet header to classify traffic into different forwarding classes and loss priorities based on user-defined values and filters.
* Forwarding Policy Options: This component applies actions such as load balancing, filtering, or routing to traffic based on the forwarding class and loss priority assigned by the classifier.
* Fabric Scheduler: This component schedules traffic across the switch fabric based on the forwarding class and loss priority assigned by the classifier.
* Output Policer: This component applies rate-limiting and marking actions to outgoing traffic based on the forwarding class and loss priority assigned by the classifier.
* Scheduler/Shaper/RED: This component schedules, shapes, and drops traffic at the egress interface based on the forwarding class and loss priority assigned by the classifier.
* Rewrite Marker: This component rewrites the code-point bits of packets leaving an interface based on the forwarding class and loss priority assigned by the classifier.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Exhibit
Which two statements about the output shown in the exhibit are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The PE is attached to a single local site.
- B. The PE router has the capability to pop flow labels
- C. The connection has not flapped since it was initiated.
- D. There has been a VLAN ID mismatch.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Explanation
According to 1 and 2, BGP Layer 2 VPNs use BGP to distribute endpoint provisioning information and set up pseudowires between PE devices. BGP uses the Layer 2 VPN (L2VPN) Routing Information Base (RIB) to store endpoint provisioning information, which is updated each time any Layer 2 virtual forwarding instance (VFI) is configured. The prefix and path information is stored in the L2VPN database, which allows BGP to make decisions about the best path.
In the output shown in the exhibit, we can see some information about the L2VPN RIB and the pseudowire state. Based on this information, we can infer the following statements:
* The PE is attached to a single local site. This is correct because the output shows only one local site ID (1) under the L2VPN RIB section. A local site ID is a unique identifier for a site within a VPLS domain.
If there were multiple local sites attached to the PE, we would see multiple local site IDs with different prefixes.
* The connection has not flapped since it was initiated. This is correct because the output shows that the uptime of the pseudowire is equal to its total uptime (1w6d). This means that the pseudowire has been up for one week and six days without any interruption or flap.
* There has been a VLAN ID mismatch. This is not correct because the output shows that the remote and local VLAN IDs are both 0 under the pseudowire state section. A VLAN ID mismatch occurs when the remote and local VLAN IDs are different, which can cause traffic loss or misdelivery. If there was a VLAN ID mismatch, we would see different values for the remote and local VLAN IDs.
* The PE router has the capability to pop flow labels. This is correct because the output shows that the flow label pop bit is set under the pseudowire state section. The flow label pop bit indicates that the PE router can pop (remove) the MPLS flow label from the packet before forwarding it to the CE device.
The flow label is an optional MPLS label that can be used for load balancing or traffic engineering purposes.
NEW QUESTION # 34
You want to ensure that L1 IS-IS routers have only the most specific routes available from L2 IS-IS routers.
Which action accomplishes this task?
- A. Configure the ignore-attached-bit parameter on all L1 routers
- B. Configure the ignore-attached-bit parameter on all L2 routers.
- C. Configure all routers to allow wide metrics.
- D. Configure all routers to be L1.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The attached bit is a flag in an IS-IS LSP that indicates whether a router is connected to another area or level (L2) of the network. By default, L2 routers set this bit when they advertise their LSPs to L1 routers, and L1 routers use this bit to select a default route to reach other areas or levels through L2 routers. However, this may result in suboptimal routing if there are multiple L2 routers with different paths to other areas or levels.
To ensure that L1 routers have only the most specific routes available from L2 routers, you can configure the ignore-attached-bit parameter on all L1 routers. This makes L1 routers ignore the attached bit and install all interarea routes learned from L2 routers in their routing tables.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Exhibit
You are asked to exchange routes between R1 and R4 as shown in the exhibit. These two routers use the same AS number Which two steps will accomplish this task? (Choose two.)
- A. Configure the BGP group with the as-override parameter on R1 and R4
- B. Configure the BGP group with the advertise-peer-as parameter on R2 and R3.
- C. Configure the BGP group with the advertise-peer-as parameter on R1 and R4.
- D. Configure the BGP group with the as-override parameter on R2 and R3
Answer: B,D
NEW QUESTION # 36
You are asked to protect your company's customers from amplification attacks. In this scenario, what is Juniper's recommended protection method?
- A. BGP FlowSpec
- B. ASN prepending
- C. unicast Reverse Path Forwarding
- D. destination-based Remote Triggered Black Hole
Answer: D
Explanation:
amplification attacks are a type of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack that exploit the characteristics of certain protocols to amplify the traffic sent to a victim. For example, an attacker can send a small DNS query with a spoofed source IP address to a DNS server, which will reply with a much larger response to the victim. This way, the attacker can generate a large amount of traffic with minimal resources.
One of the methods to protect against amplification attacks is destination-based Remote Triggered Black Hole (RTBH) filtering. This technique allows a network operator to drop traffic destined to a specific IP address or prefix at the edge of the network, thus preventing it from reaching the victim and consuming bandwidth and resources. RTBH filtering can be implemented using BGP to propagate a special route with a next hop of
192.0.2.1 (a reserved address) to the edge routers. Any traffic matching this route will be discarded by the edge routers.
NEW QUESTION # 37
In IS-IS, which two statements are correct about the designated intermediate system (DIS) on a multi-access network segment? (Choose two)
- A. A router with a priority of 1 wins the DIS election over a router with a priority of 10.
- B. A router with a priority of 10 wins the DIS election over a router with a priority of 1.
- C. On the multi-access network, each router forms an adjacency to every other router on the segment
- D. On the multi-access network, each router only forms an adjacency to the DIS.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
In IS-IS, a designated intermediate system (DIS) is a router that is elected on a multi-access network segment (such as Ethernet) to perform some functions on behalf of other routers on the same segment. A DIS is responsible for sending network link-state advertisements (LSPs), which describe all the routers attached to the network. These LSPs are flooded throughout a single area. A DIS also generates pseudonode LSPs, which represent the multi-access network as a single node in the link-state database. A DIS election is based on the priority value configured on each router's interface connected to the multi-access network. The priority value ranges from 0 to 127, with higher values indicating higher priority. The router with the highest priority becomes the DIS for the area (Level 1, Level 2, or both). If routers have the same priority, then the router with the highest MAC address is elected as the DIS. By default, routers have a priority value of 64. On a multi-access network, each router only forms an adjacency to the DIS, not to every other router on the segment. This reduces the amount of hello packets and LSP
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which two statements are correct about reflecting inet-vpn unicast prefixes in BGP route reflection? (Choose two.)
- A. A BGP peer does not require any configuration changes to become a route reflector client.
- B. Route reflectors add their cluster ID to the AS path when readvertising client routes.
- C. Route reflectors do not change any existing BGP attributes by default when advertising routes.
- D. Clients add their originator ID when advertising routes to their route reflector
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Route reflection is a BGP feature that allows a router to reflect routes learned from one IBGP peer to another IBGP peer, without requiring a full-mesh IBGP topology. Route reflectors do not change any existing BGP attributes by default when advertising routes, unless explicitly configured to do so. A BGP peer does not require any configuration changes to become a route reflector client, only the route reflector needs to be configured with the client parameter under [edit protocols bgp group group-name neighbor neighbor-address] hierarchy level.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, you are receiving the 192.168 0 0/16 route on both R3 and R4 from your EBGP neighbor You must ensure that R1 and R2 receive both BGP routes from the route reflector In this scenario, which BGP feature should you configure to accomplish this behavior?
- A. multipath
- B. add-path
- C. multihop
- D. route-target
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
BGP add-path is a feature that allows the advertisement of multiple paths through the same peering session for the same prefix without the new paths implicitly replacing any previous paths. This behavior promotes path diversity and reduces multi-exit discriminator (MED) oscillations. BGP add-path is implemented by adding a path identifier to each path in the NLRI. The path identifier can be considered as something similar to a route distinguisher in VPNs, except that a path ID can apply to any address family. Path IDs are unique to a peering session and are generated for each network3. In this question, we have a route reflector (RR) that receives two routes for the same prefix (192.168.0.0/16) from an EBGP neighbor. By default, the RR will only advertise its best path to its clients (R1 and R2). However, we want R1 and R2 to receive both routes from the RR. To achieve this, we need to configure BGP add-path on the RR and enable it to send multiple paths for the same prefix to its clients.
NEW QUESTION # 40
An interface is configured with a behavior aggregate classifier and a multifield classifier How will the packet be processed when received on this interface?
- A. The packet will be discarded.
- B. The packet will be processed by the BA classifier first, then the MF classifier.
- C. The packet will be processed by the MF classifier first, then the BA classifier.
- D. The packet will be forwarded with no classification changes.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
behavior aggregate (BA) classifiers and multifield (MF) classifiers are two types of classifiers that are used to assign packets to a forwarding class and a loss priority based on different criteria. The forwarding class determines the output queue for a packet. The loss priority is used by a scheduler to control packet discard during periods of congestion.
A BA classifier maps packets to a forwarding class and a loss priority based on a fixed-length field in the packet header, such as DSCP, IP precedence, MPLS EXP, or IEEE 802.1p CoS bits. A BA classifier is computationally efficient and suitable for core devices that handle high traffic volumes. A BA classifier is useful if the traffic comes from a trusted source and the CoS value in the packet header is trusted.
An MF classifier maps packets to a forwarding class and a loss priority based on multiple fields in the packet header, such as source address, destination address, protocol type, port number, or VLAN ID. An MF classifier is more flexible and granular than a BA classifier and can match packets based on complex filter rules. An MF classifier is suitable for edge devices that need to classify traffic from untrusted sources or rewrite packet headers.
You can configure both a BA classifier and an MF classifier on an interface. If you do this, the BA classification is performed first and then the MF classification. If the two classification results conflict, the MF classification result overrides the BA classification result.
Based on this information, we can infer the following statements:
* The packet will be discarded. This is not correct because the packet will not be discarded by the classifiers unless it matches a filter rule that specifies discard as an action. The classifiers only assign packets to a forwarding class and a loss priority based on their match criteria.
* The packet will be processed by the BA classifier first, then the MF classifier. This is correct because if both a BA classifier and an MF classifier are configured on an interface, the BA classification is performed first and then the MF classification. If they conflict, the MF classification result overrides the BA classification result.
* The packet will be forwarded with no classification changes. This is not correct because the packet will be classified by both the BA classifier and the MF classifier if they are configured on an interface. The final classification result will determine which output queue and which discard policy will be applied to the packet.
* The packet will be processed by the MF classifier first, then the BA classifier. This is not correct because if both a BA classifier and an MF classifier are configured on an interface, the BA classification is performed first and then the MF classification. If they conflict, the MF classification result overrides the BA classification result.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which statement is correct about IS-IS when it performs the Dijkstra algorithm?
- A. The algorithm will stop processing once the tree database is empty.
- B. Tuples with the lowest cost are moved from the tree database to the LSDB.
- C. The local router moves its own local tuples into the candidate database
- D. When a new neighbor ID in the tree database matches a router ID in the LSDB, the neighbor ID is moved to the candidate database
Answer: C
Explanation:
IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to compute the shortest paths between nodes in a network. The Dijkstra algorithm maintains three data structures: a tree database, a candidate database, and a link-state database (LSDB). The tree database contains the nodes that have been visited and their shortest distances from the source node. The candidate database contains the nodes that have not been visited yet and their tentative distances from the source node. The LSDB contains the topology information of the network, such as the links and their costs.
The Dijkstra algorithm works as follows:
The local router moves its own local tuples into the tree database. A tuple consists of a node ID, a distance, and a parent node ID. The local router's tuple has a distance of zero and no parent node.
The local router moves its neighbors' tuples into the candidate database. The neighbors' tuples have distances equal to the costs of the links to them and parent node IDs equal to the local router's node ID.
The local router selects the tuple with the lowest distance from the candidate database and moves it to the tree database. This tuple becomes the current node.
The local router updates the distances of the current node's neighbors in the candidate database by adding the current node's distance to the link costs. If a shorter distance is found, the parent node ID is also updated.
The algorithm repeats steps 3 and 4 until either the destination node is reached or the candidate database is empty.
NEW QUESTION # 42
By default, which statement is correct about OSPF summary LSAs?
- A. The area-range command must be installed on all routers.
- B. Type 3 LSAs are advertised for routes in Type 1 LSAs.
- C. The metric associated with a summary route will be equal to the lowest metric associated with an individual contributing route
- D. All Type 2 and Type 7 LSAs will be summanzed into a single Type 5 LSA
Answer: B
Explanation:
OSPF uses different types of LSAs to describe different aspects of the network topology. Type 1 LSAs are also known as router LSAs, and they describe the links and interfaces of a router within an area. Type 3 LSAs are also known as summary LSAs, and they describe routes to networks outside an area but within the same autonomous system (AS). By default, OSPF will summarize routes from Type 1 LSAs into Type 3 LSAs when advertising them across area boundaries .
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which two statements are correct about IS-IS interfaces? (Choose two.)
- A. If a broadcast interface is in both L1 and L2, separate hello messages are sent for each level
- B. If a broadcast interface is in both L1 and L2, one combined hello message is sent for both levels.
- C. If a point-to-point interface is in both L1 and L2, one combined hello message is sent for both levels.
- D. If a point-to-point interface is in both L1 and L2, separate hello messages are sent for each level.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
IS-IS supports two levels of routing: Level 1 (intra-area) and Level 2 (interarea). An IS-IS router can be either Level 1 only, Level 2 only, or both Level 1 and Level 2. A router that is both Level 1 and Level 2 is called a Level 1-2 router. A Level 1-2 router sends separate hello messages for each level on both point-to-point and broadcast interfaces1. A point-to-point interface provides a connection between a single source and a single destination. A broadcast interface behaves as if the router is connected to a LAN.
NEW QUESTION # 44
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Passing the Juniper JN0-664 exam is a significant achievement for any networking professional. Service Provider, Professional (JNCIP-SP) certification demonstrates the candidate's ability to design, implement, and support service provider networks. Service Provider, Professional (JNCIP-SP) certification also provides recognition of the candidate's skills and expertise in the field of networking. The Juniper JN0-664 certification is highly respected in the industry and is recognized by many leading service providers around the world. With the JN0-664 certification, candidates can expand their career opportunities and increase their earning potential.
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